Heartburn That PPIs Don't Fix
You've taken the acid-blockers for months and the burning is still there. When PPIs don't work, it's often because the problem was never really acid.
When it's not acid, it's sensitivity
In functional heartburn and reflux hypersensitivity, the esophagus has become over-sensitive: normal or near-normal amounts of acid and ordinary swallowing are perceived as burning pain. That's why suppressing acid further doesn't help — there isn't excess acid to suppress.
The brain-gut connection
This esophageal hypersensitivity is part of the same brain-gut signalling family as IBS and functional dyspepsia. The nerves carrying signals from the gut to the brain are turned up too high, amplifying normal sensations into pain.
What helps when PPIs don't
Gut-directed therapies — including gut-directed hypnotherapy, CBT and ACT — and certain neuromodulators target the hypersensitivity directly. For many people whose reflux didn't respond to acid suppression, this is the missing piece. Always keep your physician involved to rule out other causes first.
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This article is educational and is not medical advice. For diagnosis and treatment, speak with a qualified clinician.